• Diabetes and menopause Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education
    Diabetes Care & Education

    Diabetes and Menopause: What’s the Connection?

    Menopause is having a moment. From increased discussion in books, Menopause is having a moment. From increased discussion in books, movies, and podcasts to growing funding for research, risk assessment, and treatment, this stage of life is finally receiving long-overdue attention. We are beginning to recognize that women have unique health needs during the menopausal transition. What is discussed less often is the increased risk of developing diabetes during this period and the implications this risk has for long-term health and quality of life. Menopause is associated with significant metabolic changes that can negatively affect insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation,…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care DGA and ADA SOC
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    Dietary Guidelines vs. Diabetes Care: What Works, What Doesn’t

    If you work in the nutrition, wellness, or public health space or honestly if you were just on the internet this week, you probably noticed the stir around the release of the new Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The 2025–2030 update has arrived with no shortage of commentary, critique, endorsements, and of course, funny and creative memes. Love them or hate them, these guidelines are clearly fueling plenty of online chatter. But what does all of this actually mean for people living with diabetes? Are these new guidelines helpful or harmful? And how do they stack up against the nutrition guidance outlined…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention
    Diabetes Care & Education

    Do You Need to Lose Weight to Prevent Diabetes? Maybe Not

    Weight loss has long been considered the top recommendation for preventing type 2 diabetes. In fact, research shows that losing just 5–7% of body weight can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by nearly 60%. But what about the people who lose weight and still have elevated glucose levels? Or, those who make significant lifestyle changes, don’t lose weight, yet show improvements in their glucose status? Are they simply outliers, fortunate or unfortunate depending on how their metabolism responds? Emerging research suggests that diabetes prevention is more complex than simply losing weight. Read on to learn what scientists are discovering…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Retatrutide grey market
    Diabetes Care & Education

    Retatrutide and the Grey Market: Buyer Beware

    This should go without saying, but the internet can be both an incredible resource and an extremely dangerous place for health and wellness information. At a time when obesity rates are soaring, mental and emotional stress are at an all-time high, and access to reputable healthcare can feel nearly impossible, many people are turning online in search of solutions. Unfortunately, that desperation leaves individuals vulnerable to the predatory promises of the wellness industry. The latest example is the buzz around retatrutide; or “Reta,” as it’s trending on TikTok. Like candy offered from the back of a van, it’s tempting, accessible,…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: What Are Best Practices for Insulin Dosing?
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: What Are Best Practices for Insulin Dosing?

    I recently had the opportunity to contribute to an upcoming text from the American Diabetes Association on nutrition therapy in diabetes care. Specifically, I was tasked with reviewing and rewriting a chapter on nutrition recommendations for adults with type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2. In my excitement for its upcoming publication, I want to share a preview of some best practices for insulin dosing for individuals on multiple daily injections (MDI). What are the strategies for dosing insulin with meals? How can doses be adjusted? And how do factors like exercise, alcohol, or stress come into play? I hope…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education - [ ] Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: What about Protein and Fat?
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: What about Protein and Fat?

    I recently had the opportunity to contribute to an upcoming text from the American Diabetes Association on nutrition therapy in diabetes care. Specifically, I was tasked with reviewing and rewriting a chapter on nutrition recommendations for adults with type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2. In my excitement for its upcoming publication, I want to share a preview of my key findings on the role of fat and protein. Does fat and protein impact glycemic? What is the ideal amount? Does it require additional insulin? I hope this sneak peek sparks curiosity and encourages you to consider adding this valuable resource…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Type 1 diabetes and carbohydrates
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: Do Carbohydrates Matter?

    I recently had the opportunity to contribute to an upcoming text from the American Diabetes Association on nutrition therapy in diabetes care. Specifically, I was tasked with reviewing and rewriting a chapter on nutrition recommendations for adults with type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2. In my excitement for its upcoming publication, I’d like to share a preview of some key findings on carbohydrates. Is carbohydrate counting still relevant today? Does the type of carbohydrate make a difference? And how do approaches like low-carb or keto eating fit in? My hope is that this sneak peek sparks curiosity and inspires…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education: A four part series of nutrition and type 1 diabetes
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    Nutrition and Type 1 Diabetes: A Four-Part Series 

    I recently had the opportunity to contribute to an upcoming text from the American Diabetes Association on medical nutrition therapy for the management of diabetes. Specifically, I was tasked with reviewing and substantially rewriting a chapter focused on nutrition therapy recommendations for adults with type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes. This was by far one of the most challenging and rewarding projects I’ve taken on, rivaling even my graduate thesis (which included over 110 citations!). The chapter is deeply researched and reflects countless hours of work, reflection, and revision, though at this point, it all feels like a…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Virtual Dietitians in Diabetes Care
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Nutrition

    How Virtual Dietitians Are Expanding Access to Diabetes Care

    For years, nutrition support has been an essential but underutilized part of diabetes care. Despite strong evidence that medical nutrition therapy improves outcomes, many people with diabetes have faced challenges accessing consistent, high-quality guidance from registered dietitians. That’s beginning to change. Virtual care is breaking down long-standing barriers, making it easier to connect with dietitians in timely, flexible, and personalized ways. As a result, virtual dietitians are helping close critical gaps in care, and nutrition counseling is becoming more central and more accessible than ever before.

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Myths about Insulin pumps
    Diabetes Care & Education,  The Science Says...

    Debunk the Junk: 4 Common Myths About Insulin Pumps

    Starting on an insulin pump can feel like a big step, especially for someone who’s been managing their diabetes a certain way for years. But with the right support, it can also be an empowering transition. As clinicians, we each bring our own experiences and perspectives when it comes to diabetes technology. And often, our patients surprise us in wonderful ways. That’s why it’s helpful to pause and reflect on the assumptions we may carry about who’s “right” for pump therapy. Let’s explore a few common myths I hear in practice. By unpacking these together, we can make more personalized,…

  • Alt text: A concerned woman looks at her smartphone while reviewing continuous glucose monitor (CGM) data. She appears worried about her blood glucose levels. Used on the Sarah Hormachea: Diabetes Care and Education website to highlight real-life emotional responses to glucose trends.
    Nutrition

    Does CGM Tell the Whole Story? A Second Look at Lingo for Metabolic Monitoring

    I recently revisited Lingo, Abbott’s direct-to-consumer continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, after a new wave of clients began seeking guidance on how to use it to support metabolic health, including diabetes prevention, insulin resistance, and weight loss. Last fall, I tested and reviewed the device with a focus on its hardware, technical features, usability, and accuracy. This time, however, I’m evaluating Lingo from a different angle: its potential role in health coaching and behavior change. What can continuous glucose monitoring really tell us about metabolic health—or overall well-being? Does it provide the full picture? More importantly, how does it actually…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Double Diagnosis
    Diabetes Care & Education,  The Science Says...

    Double Diabetes: Supporting Patients Through the Diagnostic Overlap

    If you’ve never heard the term “double diabetes” before, don’t be alarmed. It’s not an official diagnosis, and you likely won’t find it in a medical textbook. However, it’s a term that’s gaining traction to describe a growing population of adults whose diabetes doesn’t fit neatly into the diagnostic criteria for either type 1 or type 2. Sometimes referred to as “hybrid diabetes,” “type 1.5,” or “LADA” (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults), recent research suggests that the distinction between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is less clear-cut than previously thought. In some cases, features of both types can coexist.…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Normal Glucose Trends
    Diabetes Care & Education

    Blood Sugar Trends: Defining What’s Truly “Normal”

    With the rise of direct-to-consumer continuous glucose monitoring, there has been growing interest in understanding blood sugar trends. Reasons for CGM use include to improve metabolic health, prevent diabetes, enhance sports performance and recovery, or simply out of curiosity. Users can access real-time data, averages, trends, and insights at any time, day or night. With all this data, you might find yourself wondering: What do my numbers mean? Should I be concerned? Is this normal? All valid questions. Let’s explore the evidence behind defining “normal” blood sugar trends. Diagnosing Diabetes To define what is considered normal, it’s best to start…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Protein Powders
    Nutrition

    What’s the Deal with Protein Powders?

    Protein is an essential macronutrient for everyone, but for people with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels while maintaining a healthy diet is especially important. Supplemental protein can be a convenient way to boost protein intake, particularly for those with active lifestyles or who struggle to meet their daily protein needs through food alone. But what’s the deal with protein powders? Are they really necessary, and how do you choose the right one? Here’s a breakdown of everything you need to know. What are Protein Powders? Protein powders are concentrated forms of protein derived from various sources, such as: Whey (a byproduct…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes care and education diabetes stigma
    Diabetes Care & Education

    Destigmatizing Diabetes

    Diabetes stigma refers to the negative attitudes, judgment, discrimination, or prejudice directed at individuals simply because they have diabetes. This stigma can manifest both internally and externally. Internal stigma arises when individuals with diabetes internalize negative beliefs, often leading to feelings of self-blame, shame, and guilt. This can result in a sense of personal responsibility for their condition, undermining their self-esteem. In contrast, external stigma is imposed by others through judgmental attitudes, discriminatory behaviors, or insensitive comments. This external stigma can reinforce harmful internal beliefs, further exacerbating the emotional burden on those living with diabetes. The most damaging aspect of…

  • Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education Diabetes Friendly Lunches
    Nutrition

    Three Diabetes-Friendly Lunches for the Office

    Packing a lunch for the office can feel time-consuming and daunting, especially when you have a million other things to do in the morning. Try these recipes for a healthy and filling midday meal in the office. #1. Wraps and Sandwiches a diabetes-friendly lunch, it’s essential to focus on meals that help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Wraps and sandwiches can be excellent choices if prepared with the right ingredients. Focus on whole grain breads that a high in fiber, lower fat condiments, and amble veggies and protein-based filler! Classic Turkey Opt for a hearty whole wheat bread with this…

  • Pros and cons of at home A1c testing kits. Sarah Hormachea Diabetes Care and Education
    Diabetes Care & Education

    At Home A1c Test Kits

    An at-home A1c test kit can be a valuable metabolic screening tool for detecting elevated blood sugars due to insulin resistance, a key precursor of type 2 diabetes. These kits provide a convenient way to monitor and assess metabolic health status, especially for those who may be considered higher risk. What is an At Home A1c Test Kit? The A1c test provides a three-month average of blood sugar levels by measuring the amount of glucose molecules attached to hemoglobin proteins on red blood cells. To perform the test, a small blood sample from a finger stick is applied to a…

  • Association for diabetes care and education specialists annual conference 2023
    Diabetes Care & Education

    ADCES23: A Mecca for Diabetes Care & Education

    The Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (ADCES) serves as the professional practice organization representing nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, advanced practice providers, and community health advocates working in diabetes care and education. The annual ADCES23 conference brings together leaders in the field to disseminate updates in clinical care and technologies. It’s also a wonderful opportunity to network. I’ve included some of the highlights from this years conference. I am already looking forward to ADCES24 in New Orleans!  Professional Sessions The professional sessions are an opportunity to hear from experts in the field on original research and best practices in diabetes care and…

  • Collection of insulin pens
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Product Review

    Your Guide to Diabetes Supplies: Insulin Pens

    For many people living with diabetes, insulin injections are a part of everyday life. Traditionally prescribed using the vial and syringe method, insulin pens are becoming increasingly popular for their ease of use and comprehensive insurance coverage. Insulin pens offer a convenient and discreet way to administer insulin while on-the-go. They are easy to use, provide accurate dosing, and reduce the risk of needlestick injuries. This article covers the functionality of insulin pens, instructions for use, and tips for troubleshooting common issues with your patients.  What is an Insulin Pen? An insulin pen is a medical device used to inject…

  • glucometer parts and pieces
    Diabetes Care & Education,  Product Review

    Your Guide to Diabetes Supplies: Glucometers

    Glucometers are one of the most commonly prescribed diabetes supplies. Understanding how to use a glucometer and interpreting the results accurately is essential for effective diabetes management. By using a glucometer, people with diabetes can track their blood sugar levels and adjust their diet and medication regimen accordingly. This article covers the functionality of a glucometer, instructions for use, and tips for troubleshooting common issues with glucometers. What is a Glucometer? A glucometer measures blood glucose levels using a small blood sample obtained by pricking a finger with a lancet. Results are displayed within seconds on the meter’s screen, allowing…